October 03, 2003

Everyone doesn't know how right they are

Posted in language

A couple days ago I came across the most interesting article I've seen since that Scientific American one about synesthesia a couple weeks back. This new one was so rich that I had to let it settle for a couple days before I figured out exactly what was going on.

The article is from the Vocabula Review, a great site about language, and it concerns the use of 'they' as a singular pronoun, as in the title of this post. Technically, this is considered a grammatical mistake -- 'they' is only to be used as a plural pronoun, if you trust what the books say. But people find this constrictive, because they neither want to say 'how right he is' nor 'how right he or she is', the first because it seems sexist and the second because it's clunky. So why not just use 'they' if it's clear what you mean? Well, that's not what dowdy grammarians say you ought do.

I had been thinking about this for a while when I ran across the first well-informed explanation of why it might be proper to use 'they' as a singular pronoun. My brother sent me this article from the defunct Mavens' Word of the Day, which explained that 'they' has been used as a plural pronoun for centuries, from the King James Bible to CS Lewis; it was only a rather recent rule that forbade that usage.

Then I come across the Vocabula Review article, which echoes that same point about historic usage. It also goes into a great three-part explanation of why grammarians, with no precedent, decided that 'they' should not be used for plural subjects:

1] They wanted to assert the superiority of men over women, by making the male pronouns subsume men and women;

2] Enlightenment-era grammarians made lots of money by creating ever more grammatical rules, necessitating ever more rulebooks to explain those new rules;

3] The upper classes decided that they should use very refined language with heavily codified grammar so as to further separate them from the lower classes.

This part really hit home with me, and echoed a lot of thoughts I have about some 'high' culture, and how it's really socially dominating and violent:

'And the upper-crustics made sure the lower classes were distinguished not only by their poor clothing and empty pockets but also by their unselfconscious way of speaking. Zuber and Reed argue, "In eighteenth-century England, the codification of English grammar helped to maintain class distinctions". It's likely that this desire to maintain power was the real reason behind the proliferation of new grammar texts during this period. By rejecting singular they and other forms of common speech, those already in power were able to preserve the status quo of class privilege as well as male dominance.'


It makes me re-examine various social elements like ebonics [an attempt to get away from racist, classist language formalism?] and ballet [an extremely codified, selfconscious way of moving, isolating upper classes from the rest of society?].

It also ties in with a lot of thoughts I have about science as it arose in the Enlightenment, and how people thought/think they can methodically answer every question with an 'objective', scientific approach. [See scientific triumphalism.]

[And for a political tie-in, if this wasn't multi-disciplinary enough already, this calls to mind part of TalkingPointsMemo's Wes Clark interview, specifically his good point about how education can't be reduced to a bottom-line, standardized-test approach. I realize this is sorta far afield from the original topic, but maybe this blog exists to allow for almost stream-of-consciousness ideation. The Clark quote:

'Schools aren't businesses. Schools are institutions of public service. Their job--their product--is not measured in terms of revenues gained. It's measured in terms of young lives whose potential can be realized. And you don't measure that either in terms of popularity of the school, or in terms of the standardized test scores in the school. You measure it child-by-child, in the interaction of the child with the teacher, the parent with the teacher, and the child in a larger environment later on in life.']

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